Article Retraction & Withdrawal

Retraction:
An article may be retracted if:

There is evidence that the research results are unreliable due to errors (such as data manipulation or analytical errors).

The article contains plagiarism.

The article has been published previously without proper attribution or justification (duplicate publication).

The article violates research ethics.

There are legal issues such as copyright infringement or defamation.

Retraction Procedure:

A retraction notice will be published stating the reasons for the retraction.

The original article will remain online but will be marked as “retracted”.

The retraction notice will be linked to the original article and will be publicly available.

Withdrawal:
Authors may request a withdrawal of the manuscript before the article is published. However, withdrawal after the manuscript has been accepted is only permitted in exceptional circumstances, such as:

A major error is discovered in the manuscript.

Ethical issues (e.g. multiple submissions, authorship conflicts).

Withdrawal Procedure:

Authors must submit a written request explaining the reasons for withdrawal.

The editorial board will review the request and make a decision.

If approved, a retraction notice will be issued and the manuscript will be removed from the publication process.

Correction:
If a minor error is discovered post-publication that does not affect the overall findings, the journal will issue a correction notice explaining the changes made.

This policy is designed to maintain the integrity and quality of scientific publications in the field of public administration and public policy.